Early supercentenarian Ann Pouder (8 April 1807 – 10 July 1917) photographed on her 110th birthday.
The term has been around at least since the 1970s (as one citation, Norris McWhirter, editor of the Guinness World Records, used the word in correspondence with age claims researcher A. Ross Eckler, Jr. in 1976), and was further popularized in 1991 by William Strauss and Neil Howe in their book entitled Generations. Early references tend to mean simply "someone well over 100" but the 110-and-over cutoff is the accepted criterion of demographers. Claims of extreme age have been routinely made since antiquity; however, few of these claims withstand clerical scrutiny (e.g. is there a birth certificate? Does the date match the marriage certificate? Or the census data?). The oldest human with proof was Jeanne Calment, who lived to 122.
The term has sometimes been used in the popular media to refer to animals over 110 years old, especially anthropomorphized characters such as 111-year-old "Henry the Tuatara" and 140-year-old "George the Lobster".
History
While claims of extreme age have persisted from the earliest times in history, the earliest supercentenarian accepted by Guinness World Records is Dutchman Thomas Peters (6 April 1745 – 26 March 1857, age 111 years 354 days) (Guinness World Records once accepted one Pierre Joubert, but later dropped him, when it was discovered that he had been confused with his father). Scholars such as French demographer Jean-Marie Robine, however, consider Geert Adriaans Boomgaard, also of the Netherlands, to be the first verifiable case, as the alleged evidence for Peters has been 'lost'.
If Peters is discounted then the first documented 111th birthdays were celebrated in New York State in 1926, first by Louisa Thiers, and then Delina Filkins of Herkimer County. The Guinness World Records accepted the claim of Martha Graham as the first ever 114-year-old. The Social Security Administration recognizes Mathew Beard as having attained the same age in 1984, but the earliest fully validated case is the one of Anna Eliza Williams in 1987.
Jeanne Calment, the world's oldest ever person on her 121st birthday.
Guinness World Records also recognized in 1978 the claim that Shigechiyo Izumi was born on 29 June 1865, and from the 1980 edition (printed when he would have been 115) considered him the oldest person. He died on 21 February 1986 (the 111th birthday of Jeanne Calment). However, subsequent research by some Japanese scholars has suggested that he may have been 105, as his birth certificate is believed to refer to that of his older brother who died young, and whose name might have been reused as a necronym.
Shigechiyo Izumi and Carrie C. White respectively have been recognized by Guinness World Records to have reached the ages of 115 and 116, because the claims of these two persons are insecure, scholars believe it possible that these extreme ages may also be milestones first achieved by Jeanne Calment. Her 122 years 164 days is the longest lifespan documented beyond reasonable doubt. The next oldest person whose age is documented beyond reasonable doubt was Sarah Knauss, who died in 1999 at the age of 119.
Over one thousand supercentenarians have been documented in history, and it is likely that more have really lived. However, the majority of claims to have lived to this age do not have sufficient documentary support to be validated. This is slowly changing as those born after birth registration was standardized in more countries and parts of countries attain supercentenarian age.
2% of verified supercentenarians have lived to celebrate their 115th birthday, 0.7% of verified supercentenarians have celebrated their 116th birthday, 0.4% of verified supercentenarians have celebrated their 117th birthday.
Verified supercentenarians over 115 years
Deceased Living Disputed
Rank Name Sex Birth Death Age Country
1 Jeanne Calment F 21 February 1875 4 August 1997 122 years, 164 days France
2 Shigechiyo Izumi M 29 June 1865 21 February 1986 120 years, 237 days Japan
3 Sarah Knauss F 24 September 1880 30 December 1999 119 years, 97 days United States
4 Lucy Hannah F 16 July 1875 21 March 1993 117 years, 248 days United States
5 Marie-Louise Meilleur F 29 August 1880 16 April 1998 117 years, 230 days Canada
6 María Capovilla F 14 September 1889 27 August 2006 116 years, 347 days Ecuador
7 Tane Ikai F 18 January 1879 12 July 1995 116 years, 175 days Japan
8 Elizabeth Bolden F 15 August 1890 11 December 2006 116 years, 118 days United States
9 Carrie C. White F 18 November 1874 14 February 1991 116 years, 88 days United States
10 Kamato Hongo F 16 September 1887 31 October 2003 116 years, 45 days Japan
11 Maggie Barnes F 6 March 1882 19 January 1998 115 years, 319 days United States
12 Christian Mortensen M 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years, 252 days Denmark
United States
13 Charlotte Hughes F 1 August 1877 17 March 1993 115 years, 228 days United Kingdom
14 Edna Parker F 20 April 1893 26 November 2008 115 years, 220 days United States
15 Margaret Skeete F 27 October 1878 7 May 1994 115 years, 192 days United States
16 Gertrude Baines F 6 April 1894 11 September 2009 115 years, 158 days United States
17 Aniţica Butariu F 17 June 1882 21 November 1997 115 years, 157 days Romania
18 Emiliano Mercado del Toro M 21 August 1891 24 January 2007 115 years, 156 days Puerto Rico
19 Bettie Wilson F 13 September 1890 13 February 2006 115 years, 153 days United States
20 Julie Winnefred Bertrand F 16 September 1891 18 January 2007 115 years, 124 days Canada
21 Maria de Jesus F 10 September 1893 2 January 2009 115 years, 114 days Portugal
22 Susie Gibson F 31 October 1890 16 February 2006 115 years, 108 days United States
23 Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper F 29 June 1890 30 August 2005 115 years, 62 days Netherlands
24 Maude Farris-Luse F 21 January 1887 18 March 2002 115 years, 56 days United States
25 Marie Brémont F 25 April 1886 6 June 2001 115 years, 42 days France
26 Annie Jennings F 12 November 1884 20 November 1999 115 years, 8 days United Kingdom
Source:wikipedia
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