Agosta class submarine

French submarine Ouessant in Brest in 2005
Class overview
Operators:	French Navy  Spanish Navy  Pakistan Navy
Preceded by:	Daphné-class submarine
Succeeded by:	Rubis-class submarine Scorpène-class submarine
In commission:	1977 - Active in service in Spain and Pakistan
General characteristics
Displacement:	1,500 long tons (1,524 t) surfaced 1,760 long tons (1,788 t) submerged (France, Spain) 2,050 long tons (2,083 t)  submerged (Pakistan)
Length:	67 m (219 ft 10 in) (France,  Spain) 76 m (249 ft 4 in) (Pakistan)
Beam:	6 m (19 ft 8 in)
Speed:	12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced 20.5 knots (38.0 km/h; 23.6  mph) submerged 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1  mph) submerged (snort)
Test depth:	300 m (980 ft) (France, Spain) 350 m (1,150 ft) (Pakistan)
Complement:	5 officers 36 men
Sensors and processing systems:	Thomson CSF DRUA 33 Radar Thomson Sintra DSUV 22 DUUA 2D Sonar DUUA 1D Sonar DUUX 2 Sonar DSUV 62A towed array
Armament:	• SM 39 Exocet • 4 × 533 mm (21 in) bow  torpedo tubes • ECAN L5 Mod 3 & ECAN F17 Mod 2 torpedoes

The Agosta class submarines are French diesel attack submarines (SSKs) used by Spain, Pakistan and formerly by France. The French Navy grouped this model of submarine in their most capable class as an océanique, meaning "ocean-going." A modernised version built for Pakistan, the Agosta 90B, has a crew of 36 plus 5 officers and can be equipped with the MESMA air-independent propulsion (AIP) system.

Ships

French Navy

built by Arsenal de Cherbourg

Agosta (S 620) - completed 1977 - decommissioned 1997

Bévéziers (S 621) - completed 1977 - decommissioned 1998

La Praya (S 622) - completed 1978 - decommissioned 2000

Ouessant (S 623) - completed 1978 - decommissioned 2001

Spanish Navy

built by Cartagena dockyard

Galerna (S 71) - completed 1983 - in service

Siroco (S 72) - completed 1983 - in service

Mistral (S 73) - completed 1985 - in service

Tramontana (S 74) - completed 1985 - in service

Pakistan Navy

Two Agosta-class submarines originally destined for the South African Navy were cancelled following the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 418 in 1977. Built by AC Dubigeon, they were eventually sold to the Pakistan Navy.

PNS/M Hashmat (S135) - completed in 1979, originally named Astrant

PNS/M Hurmat (S136) - completed in 1980, originally named Adventurous

The Agosta 90B, also known as the Khalid-class, is a modernised design built for the Pakistan Navy. Various modifications give lower acoustic signature, lower diving depth, improved battery range and performance. Greater automation also allows the crew to be reduced from 54 to 36. The submarine can be armed with up to 16 torpedoes and SM39 Exocet anti-ship missiles.The SM39 was test-fired from a Khalid-class submarine in 2001.

PNS/M Khalid (S137) - built in France by DCN Cherbourg, completed in 1999

PNS/M Saad (S138) - built in Pakistan with French assistance, completed in 2002

PNS/M Hamza (S139) - built in Pakistan, commissioned 14 August 2006

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Agusta scandal

The Agusta scandal or the Case Agusta-Dassault was a Belgian corruption scandal. It resulted from the purchase of military helicopter of the Agusta A109 Agusta-type by the Belgian Army in 1988, where Agusta and Dassault bribed various office holders. Several politicians had to resign along the investigation into the purchase.

The investigation into the purchase was started by the investigative team looking into the 1991 assassination of André Cools, a Socialist Party (PS, Parti Socialiste) politician and former Deputy Prime Minister, when it turned out that Cools had knowledge about the Agusta deal. An official investigation into the deal was started in January 1993, by judge Véronique Ancia, when a search warrant was issued for Agusta and its lobbyist Georges Cywie.

In January 1994, the Belgian Senate removed the immunity on Minister-President of the Walloon Region Guy Spitaels and minister Guy Mathot, both of the Socialist Party and members of the Walloon Government.

Guy Coëme, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Transportation for the Socialist Party (PS) resigned that same month. Frank Vandenbroucke, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Federal Government for the Socialist Party (Socialistische Partij), resigned from his post in March 1994. Willy Claes, member of the Socialist Party (SP, Socialistische Partij) and Secretary General of NATO resigned on October 20, 1995.

A criminal trial was handled by the Court of Cassation, which has competence for cases involving minister in function. Public prosecutor was Eliane Liekendael. The Court had most of its verdicts ready on December 23, 1998. Willy Claes was sentenced to 3-year probationary and a 5-year prohibition on running for public office. Guy Coëme and Guy Spitaels both got 3-year probationary and a 5-year prohibition on running for public office. Serge Dassault, of the Dassault company, got a 18-months probationary sentence for bribing the previous mentioned people. In total, Agusta and Dassault paid more than 160 million francs (about 4 million euros) to the Parti Socialiste and Socialistische Partij.

Verdicts

Verdicts of the Court of Cassation

Name	Function	Party	Crime (Agusta case)	Crime (Dassault case)	Sentence	Fine (Belgian francs)
Andre Bastien	Chief of Staff to Coëme	PS	n.a.	passive corruption forgery	6 months probationary	6,000
Willy Claes	Minister of Foreing Affairs	SP	passive corruption	passive corruption	3 years probationary	60,000
Guy Coëme	Minister of Defense	PS	n.a.	passive corruption forgery	2 years probationary	60,000
Serge Dassault	Director Dassault Group	n.a.	n.a.	active corruption	2 years probationary	60,000
Johan Delanghe	Chief of Staff to Claes	SP	passive corruption	passive corruption forgery	18 months	60,000
Auguste Merry Hermanus	Chief of Staff	PS	n.a.	passive corruption	1 year probationary	30,000
Etienne Mangé	Treasurer Socialistische Partij	SP	n.a.	n.a.	1 year probationary	30,000
Jean-Louis Mazy	Deputy Chief of Staff to Coëme	PS	n.a.	passive corruption forgery	6 months probationary	6,000
Alfons Puelinckx	lawyer	n.a.	passive corruption forgery	passive corruption	2 years incarceration	60,000
Francois Pirot	Vice-Secretary Parti Socialiste	PS	n.a.	passive corruption	3 months probationary	6,000
Guy Spitaels	Chairman Parti Socialiste	PS	n.a.	passive corruption	2 years probationary	60,000
Luc Wallyn	Secretary Parti Socialiste	PS	passive corruption forgery	passive corruption	2 years probationary	60,000

The Parti Socialiste had to return 49 million francs in bribes, the Socialistische Partij 111 million francs. Claes, Coëme, Delanghe, Hermanus, Mangé, Puelinckx, Spitaels and Wallyn were also barred from running for political office, or working in the civil service, for five years.

European Court of Human Rights

After the verdicts were handed down, many of the convicts applied to the European Court of Human Rights to get the verdicts removed, because the Court of Cassation in Belgium does not allow for an appeal process, which would have been in violation of the European Convention on Human Rights.

On June 2, 2005, the ECHR judged that in the case of the two ministers, Willy Claes and Guy Coëme, both men were given a lawful trial at the Court of Cassation. The trial of the five others who applied to the ECHR, Dassault, Hermanus, Delanghe, Puelinckx and Wallyn, at the Court of Cassation, was found to have contravened the European Convention on Human Rights, but their verdicts would stand nonetheless.

(source:wikipedia)